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OTTAWA — Tens of millions of doses of COVID-19 vaccines are likely about to expire and go to waste because of a failure to manage an oversupply, Canada's auditor general reported Tuesday — a failure with an estimated price tag of about $1 billion. 

Karen Hogan has released the results of her office's investigation into the government's efforts to get ahold of COVID-19 vaccine doses in the early days of the pandemic, and track how many people got them.

The auditor gave the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Procurement Department a thumbs up when it came to quickly getting enough doses into the country to meet vaccination goals, but said the government did a much poorer job of managing all that supply.

"We found that the Public Health Agency of Canada was unsuccessful in its efforts to minimize vaccine wastage," Hogan wrote in the report.

The government knew that by signing advanced purchase agreements with a number of pharmaceutical companies there was a risk it may end up buying more COVID-19 vaccines than Canadians needed.

PHAC and the federal government signed deals with seven companies that were developing vaccines in 2020 and 2021, in case only a few them were approved by Health Canada.

So far six of those have been authorized by the drug review agency. 

"In my view, it was a prudent approach given all the uncertainty back in 2020," Hogan said at a press conference Tuesday. 

The auditor found that about half of the 169 million doses the government paid for made it into the arms of Canadians between December 2020 and May 2022.

The federal government announced plans to donate some 50 million surplus doses to other countries, but as of May 31 only about 15 million had been given away. 

Another 13.6 million expired before they could be donated, though Health Minister Jean-Yves Duclos said at a press conference Tuesday that they expired after they left the country.

Canada has offered to donate the remaining 21.7 million doses, but so many countries are now offering donations that the market is saturated, Hogan said, and those vaccines will be wasted if they are not distributed soon. 

There were also 32.5 million doses in federal and provincial inventories by the end of the audit period in May, worth about $1 billion, based on the auditor's estimate.

Hogan said in her report that the majority of those will expire by the end of 2022.

Duclos said as of Dec. 1, about 10.8 million vaccine doses of all varieties have been destroyed or allowed to expire within Canada. 

Part of the problem, Hogan said, was that provinces and territories did not communicate and share data with PHAC. 

"Although some provinces and territories consistently reported to the agency, the agency was unable to obtain complete data from most. This meant that the status of these doses was unknown and reduced the agency’s ability to predict supply needs and plan for donations," the report said.

The auditor general's office and the public health agency itself warned for a decade before the COVID-19 pandemic that there were serious gaps in the federal and provincial health data sharing plans.

In January 2021, Deloitte Inc. was awarded a $59.1 million contract to come up with a national vaccine management system called VaccineСÀ¶ÊÓƵ to share timely information about vaccine distribution, coverage and safety. 

Some elements of that program were up and running on time, but others were delayed. The auditor found that PHAC was instead using spreadsheets to manually track expiration dates and waste as of June 2021. 

Conservative critics agreed the advanced purchase agreements were prudent, but said issues with VaccineСÀ¶ÊÓƵ created "wasteful mismanagement" after the vaccines arrived.

"There was no ability to have eyes on where those vaccines were being distributed, on the expiry dates, and supply chain visibility was an issue," said procurement critic Kelly Block. 

The information silos also made it difficult for vaccine companies to monitor national safety indicators of their products, as they've been ordered to by Health Canada.

"Companies cannot entirely fulfil this requirement when they do not have access to the necessary data on adverse events," the report said. 

Hogan found two incidents in 2021 where companies learned of adverse effects to their vaccines through the media and urgently requested data from the government, but couldn't get access to it for three months.

Canada is also the only G7 country that does not follow World Health Organization guidance to share case-level information about patients who experience adverse effects after immunization, and instead sends only summary data. 

Duclos said he welcomes the auditor's call to fully implement the VaccineСÀ¶ÊÓƵ program and expedite work to complete the national health data strategy.

When it comes to donating vaccines doses that are coming up on expiry, International Development Minister Harjit Sajjan said it's not as easy as simply shipping vials off to countries in need.

"Rather than us saying, 'Hey, here's some vaccines' and drop it off and let them try to deal with it, we had to work with them making sure that they have the ability to actually get vaccines into people's arms," Sajjan said Tuesday.

NDP health critic Don Davies said there was "no excuse for such waste."

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Dec. 6, 2022.

Laura Osman, The Canadian Press