Canada’s new climate plan is reckless. The federal government’s Emissions Reduction Plan doesn’t meet the criteria of credible net-zero emissions plans, and it lacks any vision of a future capable of inspiring Canadians to change their lives.
The is the first released under the . It aims to put Canada on track to reduce emissions by 40-45 per cent from 2005 and reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
It will do neither.
More than 120 countries, 800 cities and 1,500 companies have made net-zero pledges. Meeting the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 C above the pre-industrial average requires global greenhouse gas emissions to peak before 2025 and fall to net zero by 2050.
According to climate researchers, must:
- Reduce emissions as soon as possible.
- Minimize reliance on removing emissions from the atmosphere.
- Comprehensively address all greenhouse gas emissions.
- Ensure an equitable approach to reducing emissions.
- Align emissions reductions with broader socio-ecological objectives like biodiversity and habitat conservation.
- Present an .
Canada’s Emissions Reduction Plan fails to meet any of these criteria.
Canada’s Emissions Reduction Plan falls short
The plan fails to aggressively reduce emissions in the short term. Instead, it sets an unambitious target for Canada’s , calling for , but it is not binding.
According to , to have even 50-50 odds of meeting the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 C target, Canada’s oil and gas output must fall by 74 per cent by 2030, with a complete phaseout by 2034.
Just a week after Canada released the plan, the , which will produce about 200,000 barrels of oil per day starting in 2028, and .
The government claims that offshore oil extraction produces fewer emissions per barrel than the oilsands, but that’s a dangerous distraction. Oil is inevitably burned, which accounts for 80-90 per cent of its emissions. In a world with , relative emissions intensity is irrelevant. .
Canada’s decision is far out of line with climate science. The , which the , clearly explains that the world can’t afford any new oil and gas development after 2021. None.
Even so, the , at which point .
Underscoring the urgency of the latest warning from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, : “The truly dangerous radicals are the countries that are increasing the production of fossil fuels.”
Canada doubles-down on carbon capture bet
Canada’s Emissions Reduction Plan bets heavily on to keep emissions from the atmosphere. The provides a subsidy to the oil and gas industry in the form of a $2.6 billion CCUS investment tax credit — the budget’s single largest piece of climate spending.
The government has ignored the . Decades of research shows that CCUS actually captures and stores very little carbon (), and . Renewable energy and electrification are cheaper and proven non-polluting alternatives.
Canada’s ‘set-and-forget’ carbon price
Canada’s plan doesn’t comprehensively address Canada’s emissions. Canada continues to rely almost exclusively on carbon pricing to reduce emissions.
The carbon price increased to $50 per tonne in 2022, and will reach $170 in 2030. But the plan fails to close its many loopholes. shows that due to gaps and exemptions, large emitters paid, on average, only $4.96 per tonne of carbon in 2020.
Canada’s will not reduce emissions if it doesn’t apply to all of Canada’s emissions. The , but the government ignored its advice.
Canada’s plan is unjust
Canada’s plan is far from fair. our dangerous approach.
Canada considers only its upstream oil and gas emissions, ignoring the downstream that come from burning the fossil fuels we export. Canada’s plan unduly shifts the burden of reducing emissions to other countries.
Canada’s plan pays insufficient attention to broader socio-ecological objectives. While it commits additional funding to land- and forest-management initiatives, that pales in comparison to its investment in CCUS. Nor does the plan ensure that nature-based solutions will be designed and implemented in partnership with Indigenous Peoples and local communities that disproportionately bear the brunt of climate impacts.
A better way forward
Finally, the Emissions Reduction Plan doesn’t offer an inspiring vision of Canada’s net-zero future; it won’t motivate Canadians to fundamentally alter their lives to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
Comprehensive demand-side strategies across all sectors can reduce emissions by 40-70 per cent by 2050. While climate change demands system change, individuals also have an important role to play too, especially the wealthiest: .
This requires an . Think of the significant subsidization of electric vehicles in Norway, where 90 per cent of cars sold are electric, or due to generous government support.
We need much more of this: Massive mortgage discounts for owners who retrofit their homes, huge tax cuts for installing heat pumps, free — and electrified — public transit. Sector by sector, we need vastly cheaper green options.
But far more than this, Canadians must envision a future that is both decarbonized and desirable. This means re-imagining how we live, work, move and play, and demanding that our governments make it happen.
There’s still time for Canadians to come together and create a future that’s not only liveable but worth living, but our window is closing fast.
Jason MacLean is a member of the board of directors of the Pacific Centre for Environmental Law and Litigation (CELL), and East Coast Environmental Law (ECELAW).
